1998年考研英語閱讀第三篇—本文是批評濫貼“反科學”標籤的文章

原文+翻譯：

Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture。 Think of Gallileo’s 17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake’s harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton。

科學與文化其他方面的關係一直都很緊張。想想看，17世紀伽利略為他叛逆性的信仰而遭受天主教會的審判，還有詩人威廉·布萊克對艾薩克·牛頓的機械論世界觀所發表的尖銳批判。

The

schism

between science and the humanities has， if anything， deepened in this century。

本世紀，（自然）科學與人文科學之間如果說有什麼的話，那就是分裂更深了。

Until recently， the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics —— but no longer。

以前，科學界如此之強大以至於可以對批評者置之不理——但現在不同了。

As funding for science has declined， scientists have attacked “anti-science” in several books， notably

Higher Superstition

， by Paul R。 Gross， a biologist at the University of Virginia， and Norman Levitt， a mathematician at Rutgers University； and

The Demon-Haunted World

， by Carl Sagan of Cornell University。

由於科研基金減少，科學家開始在幾本著作中抨擊“反科學”勢力，特別是弗吉尼亞大學生物學家保羅·R·格羅斯和拉特格斯大學的數學家諾曼·萊維特合著的《高階迷信》及康奈爾大學的卡爾·薩根著的《鬼怪出沒的世界》。

Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason，” held in New York City in 1995， and “Science in the Age of （Mis） information，” which assembled last June near Buffalo。

科學的捍衛者們也在一些會議上表示了他們的擔憂。比如，1995年在紐約舉行的“遠離科學和理性”會議，以及去年6月在布法羅附近召開的“（偽）資訊時代的科學”會議。

Anti-science clearly means different things to different people。 Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists， philosophers and other academics who have questioned science’s objectivity。 Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts， creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview。

顯然，反科學對不同的人有不同的含義。格羅斯和萊維特主要挑那些質疑科學客觀性的社會學家、哲學家和其他學者的毛病。而薩根則更關注那些相信鬼怪、上帝造物論和其他違背科學世界觀的現象的人。

A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well， from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research。

1996年對新聞報道的調查表明，反科學的標籤也貼在了許多其他群體上，從提倡消滅最後殘存的天花病毒庫的官方人士到倡議削減基礎研究基金的共和黨人。

Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber， whose manifesto， published in 1995， scorns science and longs for return to a pre-technological utopia。 But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are anti-science， as an essay in

US News & World Report

last May seemed to suggest。

將該詞用在在美國製造一連串類似炸彈爆炸事件的人身上，也不會引起多大爭議，他在1995年公開發表蔑視科學、渴望回到前技術時代的理想社會的宣告。當然，這並不意味著，對不加控制的工業發展表示擔憂的環保主義者也是反科學的，而去年5月份刊登在《美國新聞和世界報導》的一篇文章卻似乎暗示是這麼回事。

The environmentalists， inevitably， respond to such critics。 The true enemies of science， argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University， a pioneer of environmental studies， are those who question the evidence supporting global warming， the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth。

環保主義者必定會對這些批評做出反應。作為環境研究的先驅者，斯坦福大學的保羅·埃利希認為，科學的真正的敵人是那些對全球變暖、臭氧層稀薄和其他由於工業增長帶來的後果的證據提出質疑的人。

Indeed， some observers fear that the anti-science epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless。 “The term ‘anti-science’ can lump together too many， quite different things，” notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work

Science and Anti-Science

。

“They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened。”

的確，一些觀察者擔心反科學這個稱號面臨失去意義的危險。“‘反科學’一詞可以涵蓋很多截然不同的東西”，哈佛大學的哲學家傑拉爾德·霍爾頓在其1993年的著作《科學與反科學》中寫道：“它們惟一的共同之處就是會激怒或威脅那些自以為比別人更有見識的人。”

試題：

51。 The word “schism” （Line 4， Paragraph 1） in the context probably means。

［A］ confrontation

［B］ dissatisfaction

［C］ separation

［D］ contempt

52。 Paragraphs 2 and 3 are written to

。

［A］ discuss the cause of the decline of science’s power

［B］ show the author’s sympathy with scientists

［C］ explain the way in which science develops

［D］ exemplify the division of science and the humanities

53。 Which of the following is true according to the passage？

［A］ Environmentalists were blamed for anti-science in an essay。

［B］ Politicians are not subject to the labeling of anti-science。

［C］ The “more enlightened” tend to tag others as anti-science。

［D］ Tagging environmentalists as “anti-science” is justifiable。

54。 The author’s attitude toward the issue of “science vs。 anti-science” is

。

［A］ impartial

［B］ subjective

［C］ biased

［D］ puzzling

【現貨正版】2021考研英語一二 劉曉豔不就是語法和長難句嗎 劉曉豔考研英語語法與長難句

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答案：

C D A A