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核言碎語(72)——輻射型別-高LET對比低LET

2022-01-04由 核言碎語by溫柔偆侊 發表于 農業

輻射強度用什麼字母表示

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輻射型別-高LET對比低LET

Type of Radiation – High-LET x Low-LET

(https://www。nuclear-power。com/)

輻射型別-高LET對比低LET

核言碎語(72)——輻射型別-高LET對比低LET

現行的輻射權重因子

This section is about the fact, that there are several types of ionizing radiation and each type of radiation interacts with matter in a different way。 When discussing the intensity of radiation, we have to take into account to which type of radiation are you exposed。 For example, alpha radiation tend to travel only a short distance and do not penetrate very far into tissue if at all。 Therefore, alpha radiation is sometimes treated as non-hazardous, since it cannot penetrate surface layers of human skin。 This is naturally true, but this is not valid for internal exposure by alpha radionuclides。 When inhaled or ingested, alpha radiation is much more dangerous than other types of radiation。 Note that, the radiation weighting factor for alpha radiation is equal to 20。 It was discovered, biological effects of any radiation increases with the linear energy transfer (LET)。 In short, the biological damage from high-LET radiation (alpha particles, protons or neutrons) is much greater than that from low-LET radiation (gamma rays)。

本節關於以下事實,存在幾種型別的電離輻射,每種型別的輻射都以不同的方式與物質相互作用。當討論輻射強度時,我們必須考慮到你受到的是哪一種輻射。例如,阿爾法輻射往往只傳播很短的距離,而且即使有的話根本不會穿透組織很遠距離。因此,阿爾法輻射有時被認為是無害的,因為它不能穿透人類面板表層。這自然是正確的,但這不適用於阿爾法放射性核素的內照射。當被吸入或攝入時,阿爾法輻射比其他型別的輻射更危險。請注意,alpha輻射的輻射權重因子等於20。人們發現,任何輻射的生物效應都隨著線效能量傳遞(LET)的增加而增加。簡而言之,高LET輻射(阿爾法粒子、質子或中子)造成的生物損傷遠遠大於低LET輻射(伽馬射線)造成的生物損傷。

核言碎語(72)——輻射型別-高LET對比低LET

電離輻射的遮蔽

Ionizing radiation is categorized by the nature of the particles or electromagnetic waves that create the ionizing effect。 These particles/waves have different ionization mechanisms, and may be grouped as:

電離輻射是根據產生電離效應的粒子或電磁波的性質分類的。這些粒子/波有不同的電離機制,可分為:

Directly ionizing

。 Charged particles (atomic nuclei, electrons, positrons, protons, muons, etc。) can ionize atoms directly by fundamental interaction through the Coulomb force if it carries sufficient kinetic energy。 These particles must be moving at relativistic speeds to reach the required kinetic energy。 Even photons (gamma rays and X-rays) can ionize atoms directly (despite they are electrically neutral) through the Photoelectric effect and the Compton effect, but secondary (indirect) ionization is much more significant。

•Alpha radiation

•Beta radiation

直接電離

。帶電粒子(原子核、電子、正電子、質子、μ介子等)如果攜帶足夠的動能,就可以透過庫侖力的基本相互作用直接電離原子。這些粒子必須以相對論速度運動才能達到所需的動能。即使光子(伽馬射線和X射線)也可以透過光電效應和康普頓效應直接電離原子(儘管它們是電中性的),但二次(間接)電離要更加顯著。

•阿爾法輻射

•貝塔輻射

Indirectly ionizing

。 Indirect ionizing radiation is electrically neutral particles and therefore does not interact strongly with matter。 The bulk of the ionization effects are due to secondary ionizations。

•Photon radiation

•Neutron radiation

間接電離

。間接電離輻射是電中性粒子,因此不會與物質發生強烈的相互作用。大部分的電離效應是由於二次電離引起的。

•光子輻射

•中子輻射

注:

(以下內容來自百度百科)

傳能線密度(linear energy transfer,LET)常譯為線效能量傳遞,它是描寫射線質的一種物理量,單位為J/m,常用keV/μm 表示。

(待續)