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15個有兩種拼寫和讀音的常見動詞

2021-07-06由 英語東 發表于 農業

流入市場用英語怎麼說

影片載入中。。。

Hello everyone and welcome back to English With Lucy。

大家好,歡迎回到跟著Lucy學英語。

Today, I‘ve got a very important video for you about verbs with two past tenses。

今天我為你們帶來了一個非常重要的影片,主要講解在有兩種過去時態的動詞。

So you might have seen learned written down and learnt as well。

所以你們可能見過learned和learnt。

This video is going to contain 15 examples of verbs that have two different past tenses。

本影片要講解15個具有兩種不同過去式的動詞作為範例。

And I’m going to explain why and I‘ll let you know if they are correct or incorrect because it varies according to which verb you’re looking at。

我還要解釋原因,並且我會讓你們知道它們是否正確,因為它會根據你看到的動詞而變化。

This video is really gonna help you with your vocabulary and your writing skills, more than anything。

重要的是,本影片真的會幫助你提升的你詞彙、你的寫作技巧。

But if you want to improve your pronunciation and your listening skills even further, then I highly recommend the special method of reading actual books whilst listening to the audiobook version on Audible。

但是如果你想要你的發音和聽力技巧更上一層樓,那麼我強烈建議你使用在閱讀實體書的同時在Audible上聽有聲書版本的特殊方法。

It sounds a bit complicated but it is a fantastic method that has helped so many of my students。

這個聽起來有點複雜,但是這是一個很棒的方法,它幫助了我很多學生。

So let me explain。

那麼讓我來解釋一下吧。

Take a book that you have already read in English or a book that you would like to read in English, I‘ve got lots of recommendations down below in the description box, and read that book whilst listening to the audiobook version on Audible。

選一本你已經讀過了的,或者你想要讀的用英語寫的書,我在下面的描述欄裡推薦了很多,然後在閱讀這本書的同時在Audible上聽對應的有聲書的版本。

So as you are reading a sentence, you are also hearing that sentence。

所以在你看一個句子的同時,你也聽到了那個句子。

Reading alone will not help you with your pronunciation in English。

僅僅閱讀不會幫助你的發音。

The way a word is spelt or written in English doesn’t always give you a good indication as to how that word is pronounced in English。

一個單詞的拼法和寫法不會告訴你它的讀法。

It‘s really frustrating for learners。

這讓學習者們感到很沮喪。

If you listen to a word, as you read it, your brain will start making connections。

如果你在看一個單詞的同時還聽到了它,那麼你的大腦會開始產生聯絡。

And the next time you see that word written down, you’ll know exactly how it sounds, how it‘s meant to be pronounced and the next time you hear that word, you’ll know exactly how it‘s spelt or written。

那麼下一次你看到這個詞的時候,你就知道它的讀法了,它該如何讀。

It is such an effective method and the best part is you can get one free audiobook, that’s a 30 day free trial on Audible。

這是一個非常有效的方法,而且最棒的是你可以獲得一本免費的有聲書,即Audible的30天免費試用期。

All you‘ve got to do is click on the link in the description box and sign up。

你只需要點選描述欄中的連結,然後註冊。

Right let’s get started with this lesson。

好的,我們開始上課吧。

Okay I‘m going to go through in alphabetical order。

好的,我要按照字母順序來講解。

I’ve got 15 verbs。

我準備了15個動詞。

I‘m gonna tell you the verb。

我要跟你們講解動詞。

I’m going to tell you the two different spellings and the corresponding pronunciations because the pronunciation does change in most of them。

我要告訴你們兩種不同的拼法以及對應的發音,因為它們中大部分的發音確實發生了變化。

I‘ll give you the definition, the reason and the example。

我會給你們定義,原因,以及例子。

There’s lots to cover but I really think that this will clear up a lot of your doubts because I get so many questions, things like why did you say learnt in the title instead of learned?

有很多內容要講,但是我真心認為這樣會清楚你所有的疑問,因為我受到了很多問題,比如為什麼在標題裡寫的是learnt而不是learned。

Well, this is going to clear it up。

嗯,這個影片會把它講清楚的。

So the first one is the verb to burn, to burn。

那麼第一個要講的是動詞燃燒,燃燒。

And this means to destroy or damage by fire or heat。

它的意思是用火或熱量去毀壞或破壞。

Now for the past tenses, there are two different spellings or pronunciations。

它的過去式有兩種不同的拼法和發音。

You can have burnt with a T or burned with E-D。

你可以寫帶t的burnt,或者帶ed的burned。

Burnt, burned。

Burnt,burned。

Now you‘re going to see a trend with a lot of the regular verbs here。

那麼你要看到很多規則動詞都適應的趨勢。

In British English, for a lot of these verbs we use a T at the end for the past tenses。

在英式英語中,很多這些動詞我們都是以t結尾作為它的過去式的。

In American English, they use E-D。

在美式英語中,他們用的是ed。

Now because we live in such a multicultural society, and in the UK, we watch a lot of things from America and in America, they watch a lot of things from the UK, there is some overlap。

因為現在我們生活在一個如此多元文化的社會中,在英國,我們看到很多來自美國的東西,同時在美國,他們看到很多來自英國的東西,其中有重疊的部分。

So you will see burned being used in the UK and burnt being used in the US。

所以你會看到在英國有使用burned的,而burnt也在美國使用。

But in general, burnt is British and burned is American。

但是一般來說,burnt是英式的,而burned是美式的。

So in British English, she burnt her hand on the kettle。

所以在英式英語中,是她的手碰到水壺燙到了,用的是burnt。

In American English, she burned her hand on the kettle。

而在美式英語中,是她的手碰到水壺燙到了,用的是burned。

Both are correct。

兩個都是對的。

You can decide which one to use。

你可以自行決定用哪一個。

Choose your favourite accent。

選擇你最喜歡的口音。

Choose your favourite dialect and just go with that。

選擇你最喜歡的方言,然後就一直那樣說。

The important thing is that you are consistent。

重要的是你要一以貫之。

Now number two is creep, creep。

第二個是爬行,爬行。

And this means to move slowly, and in the case of humans or animals, with your body closer to the ground。

這個詞的意思是指緩慢地移動,而在指代人或動物時,你的身體會貼近地面。

Now there are two past tenses but only one of them is officially correct。

它有兩種過去式,但是隻有一種是官方認證正確的。

The other one has creept。 。 。 crept into the English language because of a common phrasal verb。

另一個是因為一個常用的動詞短語才爬進了英語語言中。

And I’ll explain this。

我來解釋。

So the official way to the say the past tense of to creep is crept, crept。

那麼creep的過去式的官方形式是crept,crept。

However, you will find many people, especially in American English saying creeped, creeped。

但是你會發現很多人,尤其是在美式英語中說的是creeped,creeped。

So it‘s the vowel sound that changes。

所以母音的發音變了。

Now the reason people say creeped instead of crept is because of the phrasal verb, to creep out, to creep out。

人們會說creeped而不是crept的原因是動詞短語creep out(受驚嚇)。

For this specific phrasal verb, the past tense is creeped out。

這個特殊的動詞短語的過去式是creeped out。

I was so creeped out。

我嚇壞了。

Because of this, creeped has now crept into the English language and it’s starting to become more accepted。

因為這個原因,creeped現在爬進了英語語言中,並且開始被廣泛接受。

But it is not grammatically correct at present。

但是目前它從語法上來說是錯誤的。

Let‘s see if suddenly the dictionaries will start letting it in。

我們看看字典會不會突然有一天把它收錄進去吧。

An example using both to creep and creep out in the past tense。

一個同時使用creep和creepout的例句。

She crept along the corridor and was creeped out when she saw a shadow。

她沿著走廊爬行,當她看見一個影子的時候被嚇壞了。

We wouldn’t say she was crept out。

我們不會說 she was crept out。

It doesn‘t sound right at all。

這聽起來完全不對。

Number three is dive, dive。

第三個是跳水,跳水。

And this means to jump into water with your head and arms going in first。

這個詞的意思是你跳進水裡,頭和胳膊先進去。

Now, there are two ways that people say the past tenses of dive。

那麼dive的過去式有兩種。

However, only one is officially correct。

但是隻有一個是官方承認是正確的。

The correct way is to say dived, dived。

正確的形式是dived,dived。

She dived into the water。

她跳進水中。

However, people are starting to say dove and this is especially in American English。

但是人們開始說dove,尤見於美式英語中。

And they think that this is happening because of the rise in popularity of the verb to drive。

他們認為原因是drive,開車這個詞的流行。

Obviously a 100 years ago, people wouldn’t use the verb to drive that much because not everyone had cars。

很顯然,100年前,人們不會這麼頻繁地使用這個詞,因為並不是所有人都有汽車。

And the past tense of to drive is drove so they think, drive, drove, dive, dove。

而drive的過去式是drove,所以他們認為drive,drove,所以dive,dove。

It‘s not correct, but it is now commonly used。

這是不對的,但是現在常常被使用。

An example of using the correct past tense of dive is he dived into the cool turquoise lagoon。

使用dive過去式的正確形式的例子是他跳進了松石綠的湖泊裡。

That’s such a nice sentence。

這句子真美。

Number four is to dream, to dream, meaning to experience whilst asleep。

第四個是做夢,做夢,意思是在睡著的狀態下體驗事物。

Now this is another case of the T or E-D ending dilemma。

這是t還是ed結尾難題的另一個案例。

We end with T in British English and they end with E-D in American English, both are correct。

英式英語中我們以t結尾,而在美式英語中,他們以ed結尾,兩個都對。

Both are absolutely fine。

兩個都很好。

You‘ve just got to be consistent。

只是你要保持一致。

So we have dreamt, dreamt in British English and dreamed, dreamed in American English。

所以英式英語中我們使用dreamt,dreamt,而在美式英語中使用dreamed,dreamed。

Now notice the vowel sound changes but also the consonant sound at the end changes。

請注意母音改變了,而且詞尾的子音也變了。

Dreamt, dreamt, dreamed, dreamed。

Dreamt,dreamt,dreamed,dreamed。

And I think the British English version is usually harder for learners of English to pronounce because the m to t sound, you’re going from a voiced consonant sound to an unvoiced one and that for some reason is quite complicated for our mouths。

我認為通常英式英語的發音對很多英語學習者來說更難,因為從/m/到/t/,你要從一個濁子音過渡到清子音,而出於某種原因,這對我們的嘴巴來說挺複雜的。

Dreamt, dreamt。

Dreamt,dreamt。

We almost want to put a p sound in there, dreamt。

我們幾乎想要在中間加一個/p/音。

But don‘t do that。

別這樣做。

An example, I always dreamt of becoming a YouTuber。

一個例子,我一直夢想成為一個油管播主。

That’s a lie。

這是個謊言。

I wanted to be a reconstructive plastic surgeon。

我以前想成為一個整形醫生。

I wanted to help people rebuild their faces after crashes。

我想要幫助車禍後的人們重建他們的臉。

You lean something new about me every day。

你每天都會了解我多一點點。

Let‘s move on to number five。

我們來說第五個吧。

This is to grind, grind。

那就是碾碎,碾碎。

This means to break or crush something into very small pieces either using two hard surfaces or a special machine。

這個詞的意思是用兩個堅硬的表面或某種特別的機器把某物破碎成小塊。

Now this is an irregular verb so the past tense is ground, ground。

這是一個不規則動詞,所以過去式是ground,ground。

She grounded。

她碾碎。

However, some people do make the mistake of saying grinded, grinded and this is becoming more mainstream because of American sports commentary。

但是有些人確實會錯誤地說成grinded,grinded,而且這個正變得越來越主流,因為美國的體育實況解說。

So you’re more likely to hear grinded in American English。

所以你在美式英語中更可能會聽到grinded。

But of course, it will sometimes bleed into British English as well。

但是當然它有時候也會流入英式英語。

So because the term grinded is accepted in American sports commentary, people now say it more and more out of context as well。

所以因為grinded在美國體育實況解說中是被接受的,人們現在也在文字中說得越來越多。

An example, the team grinded out a 10, null victory。

舉個例子,這個隊10比0碾壓。

An example of the correct use of ground, I ground the chili seeds into a powder before adding them to the dish。

一個正確使用ground的例子是,我把在把辣椒籽放進菜裡碾成粉。

Number six is kneel, kneel。

第六個是下跪,下跪。

Now it‘s funny because in British English we say knelt, knelt, which makes it an irregular verb。

這很有趣,因為在英式英語中我們說knelt,knelt,這使得它成為一個不規則動詞。

However in American English, they say kneeled, kneeled。

然而在美式英語中,他們說kneeled,kneeled。

They do also sometimes say knelt, but they are also inclined to say kneeled, which kind of makes it a regular one。

他們確實有時候說knelt,但是它們還傾向於說kneeled,這讓它成為了一個規則動詞。

To kneel means to be in or to move into a position where your body is supported by a knee or knees。

下跪的意思是處於或轉變成一個姿勢,你的身體被你的一個膝蓋或雙膝支撐。

And an example, when he knelt or kneeled down on one knee to ask her to marry him, he felt nervous。

一個例子,當他單膝下跪向她求婚的時候,他感到很緊張。

Number seven is very similar again, it is to lean, to lean。

第七個也很類似,那就是倚靠,倚靠。

There are two definitions for this。

這個詞有兩個定義。

It could mean to rest on or against something for support。

它可以指在某物上或頂著某物來尋求支撐。

It could also mean to bend or move from a vertical position。

它還可以指從豎直位置彎曲或偏離。

In British English, we say leant, leant。

在英式英語中我們說leant,leant。

In American English, you guessed it, they say leaned, leaned。

在美式英語中,你們猜猜,他們說leaned,leaned。

I’ll do examples with both meanings。

我會給出兩個意思的例句的。

The man leant on the wall。

這個男的倚靠在牆上。

The woman leaned out of the window。

這個女的從窗戶探出身子。

Either pronunciation and spelling can be used for either one, depending on who‘s talking。

任意一種發音和拼寫都可以使用,取決於誰在說話。

Number eight, again, very very similar。

第八個,還是一個非常類似的。

It is to leap, to leap。

那就是跳躍,跳躍。

This means to jump high or a long way。

這個詞的意思是跳得很高或很遠。

In British English, we say leapt, leapt。

在英式英語中我們說leapt,leapt。

And in American English, they usually say leaped, leaped。

而在美式英語中,他們一般說,leaped,leaped。

An example, the dolphin leapt out of the water。

舉個例子,海豚從水中躍出。

Number nine is another similar one and it’s the one I get asked about most, especially by Americans who have stumbled across my videos where I‘ve said how I learnt Spanish or something like that。

第九個也是一個類似的,而且這個詞是我收到最多詢問的詞,尤其是美國人,每當我說我如何學習西班牙語或類似的話,他們在我的各個影片裡說。

It is to learn, learn。

那就是學會,學會。

And this means to gain knowledge by studying, being taught or experience。

這個詞的意思是透過學習、受教或體驗來獲取知識。

In British English, we say learnt, learnt。

在英式英語中,我們說learnt,learnt。

American English, they say learned, learned。

在美式英語中,他們說learned,learned。

An example, I learnt a lot in English class yesterday or I learned a lot in English class yesterday。

一個例句,I learnt a lot in English class yesterday 或者 I learned a lot in English class yesterday(我在昨天的英語課上學到了很多)。

Now number 10 is to plead, to plead。

第10個是祈求,祈求。

Now there are two possible past tenses for to plead。

祈求這個詞有兩種過去式形式。

But only one is correct。

但是隻有一個是對的。

But the incorrect one is now becoming widely accepted。

但是錯誤的那一個現在被廣泛接受。

So the correct past tense is pleaded, pleaded。

正確的過去式應該是pleaded,pleaded。

However, pled, pled is becoming more common。

然是pled,pled正變得越來越常見。

But it’s not officially correct。

但是它不是官方認證正確的。

And it‘s rejected by grammar lovers。

而且它被語愛好者拒絕。

It has two common meanings。

它有兩種常見的含義。

It could mean to ask someone for something in a very strong or serious way。

它可以指以一種強烈或嚴肅的方式向某人索要某物。

It could also mean to state in court that you are guilty or not guilty of a crime。

它也可以指在法庭上陳述你是否犯了某項罪行。

You might have heard he pled guilty when technically it should be he pleaded guilty。

你可能聽過he pled guilty(他認罪了),但實際上應該是he pleaded guilty。

Let’s look at examples of both definitions。

我們來看看兩種含義的例句吧。

She pleaded with her mum to let her get a puppy。

她求她媽媽讓她養一隻小狗。

Or he pleaded or pled insanity in court。

或者他在法庭上辯護自己精神失常。

If you are going to use pled, it‘s normally used with the second definition when we’re talking about a legal situation。

如果你要使用pled,它一般用到的是第二個含義,這時我們談論的是一個法律場景。

Now number 11 is to shrink, to shrink, which means to become or make something smaller。

第11個是縮小,縮小,意思是變得或使某物變得更小。

Now this one does have two different past tense。

這個詞確實有兩種不同的過去式。

It‘s an irregular verb, so the past simple is shrank, and the participle is shrunk。

這是一個不規則動詞,所以一般過去式是shrank,而過去分詞是shrunk。

Shrink, shrank, shrunk。

Shrink,shrank,shrunk。

However, there is a movie that has messed this up for everyone。

但是有一部電影讓大家把這個混淆了。

And the movie is Honey, I Shrunk the Kids。

這部電影就是《親愛的,我把孩子縮小了》。

Now, I shrunk should be I shrank because that’s the past simple。

這裡的I shrunk應該是I shrank,因為這裡是一般過去時。

Now this technically should be honey, I‘ve shrunk the kids or honey, I shrank the kids。

這個其實應該是I’ve shrunk the kids 或者 honey,I shrank the kids。

The title of the movie is grammatically incorrect。

這部電影的標題有語法錯誤。

So now, everyone says, shrunk instead of shrank。

現在大家都說shrunk而不是shrank。

Number 12 is smell, to smell。

第12個是聞,聞。

This means to have a particular smell or it means to be able to recognise a particular smell。

這個詞的意思是有某種氣味或能夠辨別某種氣味。

Something smells or you smell something。

某物有氣味或者你聞到某物。

This again is the T versus E-D。

這裡依然是t和ed的對決。

British versus American dilemma。

英式英語對戰美式英語的困境。

In British English we say smelt, smelt and we lose an L。

在英式英語中我們說smelt,smelt,我們省略了一個l。

In American English, they say smelled, smelled。

在美式英語中,他們說smelled,smelled。

Examples, she smelt or smelled a vanilla and roses。

例句

,她聞到了香草味和玫瑰味。

Or he smelt, or smelled, her wrist and she smelt, or smelled, beautiful。

他聞了聞她的手腕,或者她氣味很好聞。

Number 13 is very, very similar apart from its spell, spell, which means to say or write the letters of a word in correct order。

第13個非常非常類似,除了它的拼寫,拼寫,這個詞意思是說出或寫出一個單詞的正確順序。

It‘s exactly the same format as smell。

它跟smell的規則是一樣的。

In British English, we say spelt, spelt。

在英式英語中我們說spelt,spelt。

In American English, they say spelled, spelled。

在美式英語中,他們說spelled,spelled。

An example, my surname is spelt or spelled Earl, E-A-R-L。

一個例子,我的姓拼作Earl,E-A-R-L。

Number 14, again, very, very similar, it is to spill, to spill, and this means to flow over the edge of a container by accident。

第14個,同樣很類似,那就是溢位,溢位,這個詞的意思是意外地從某個容器的邊緣流出。

British English, we say spilt, spilt。

英式英語,我們說spilt,spilt。

American English, they say spilled, spilled。

美式英語,他們說spilled,spilled。

Both are absolutely fine。

兩個都很好。

An example, water had spilt or spilled out of the bucket onto the floor。

一個例句,水從水桶中溢位來流到地面上。

And the last one, again, it’s very, very similar。

最後一個,還是很類似。

It is spoil, spoil。

那就是破壞,破壞。

And this means to change something good into something bad, unpleasant or useless。

這個詞的意思是讓某物由好變壞,變成令人不悅或沒有用的東西。

In British English, we say spoilt, spoilt。

在英式英語中我們說spoilt,spoilt。

And in American English, they say spoiled, spoiled。

而在美式英語中他們說spoiled,spoiled。

An example, he completely spoilt or spoiled our evening。

一個例子,他完全破壞了我們的夜晚。

Right, that‘s it for today’s lesson。

好了,今天的課就到這裡。

I really hope that clears up some of your doubts about why you see these words spelt or spelled and pronounced in different ways。

我真的希望這個能清楚你們的一些關於為什麼你會看到這些詞的拼法和讀法不一樣的疑慮。

Well, some of them are incorrect。

嗯,它們中有一些是不正確的。

Some of them, most of them are correct。

它們中有一些,大部分都是正確的。

They can be pronounced in two different ways, depending on who is saying or writing them。

它們可能有兩種不同拼法,基於誰說以及誰寫。

You do have some homework today。

你們今天要做一些家庭作業。

It is to write five sentences using five of these words in the correct or your chosen way。

那就是以正確的方式或你選擇的方式用其中五個詞造五個句子。

So I don‘t want to see a blend of British and American。

所以我不想看到英式英語和美式英語混用。

You need to choose one or the other。

你們需要選定一種。

Unless you really want to and you feel that you identify both places。

除非你真心想要那樣,並且你覺得你認同兩種身份。

I’m gonna tell you what to do。

我來告訴你們怎麼做。

But yeah, it will be really nice to see those sentences and I‘ll correct as many as I can。

但是是的,看到那些句子真的很好,而且我會盡我所能地批改。

Feel free to correct each other。

請互相批改。

Don’t forget to check out Audible。

別忘記檢視Audible。

You can get your free audiobook by clicking on the link in the description box。

你們可以透過點選描述欄中的連結獲取你們的免費有聲書。

And don‘t forget to connect with me on all of my social media。

還有別忘記在我所有的社交媒體上聯絡我。

I’ve got my Facebook, my Instagram, my Twitter and my personal channel, Lucy Bella Earl where I talk about everything that isn‘t related to English, i。 e my personal life。

我有臉書、INS、推特,還有我的個人頻道Lucy Bella Earl,在那裡我會談論一切跟英語無關的東西,即我的個人生活。

I will see you soon for another lesson。

我們下節課再見。