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鳥類的色覺和紅色著色有什麼共同點?

2022-03-21由 今日科學 發表于 林業

紅麻料鳥如何保持紅色?

論文題目:Evolution of CYP2J19, a gene involved in colour vision and red coloration in birds: positive selection in the face of conservation and pleiotropy

作者:Hanlu Twyman et al。

數字識別碼:10。1186/s12862-018-1136-y

BMC Evolutionary Biology

最近發表的一篇研究論文為更好地理解新近確定的“發紅基因”的遺傳機制,對其進行了研究。

鳥類的色覺和紅色著色有什麼共同點?

五彩金剛鸚鵡

一般認為鳥類誇張的訊號,例如鮮豔的色彩,是經由兩性之間的關係進化而來,其中,性形態隨時間變化以抵消相反的性別特徵。這些訊號用於吸引合適的伴侶,而且性選擇得以讓更需要的特性不斷傳遞給物種。然而,這些訊號內在的遺傳機制還不是非常清楚。

鳥類的色覺和紅色著色有什麼共同點?

黑冠鶴 - Michael Möller(nopics。de),來自維基共享資源

在論文‘參與鳥類色覺和紅色著色的基因CYP2J19的進化:面對基因儲存和多效性的陽性選擇’中,Twyman、Andersson和Mundy研究了‘發紅基因’。這種最近確認的基因編碼一種可修飾類胡蘿蔔素(一類產生紅橙黃顏色的色素)的酶。

具體地,科研人員研究了CYP2J19基因是否在所有鳥類中都存在、在不同禽類譜系中的複製數、在鳥類基因組中的選擇模式,並以織巢鳥為物件,研究了轉移基因用於視覺和顏色兩種功能之後,選擇是否改變。

鳥類的色覺和紅色著色有什麼共同點?

紅冠蕉鵑 - Daniel Demczuk,來自維基共享資源

研究人員檢測了70個禽類基因組,代表了所有主要的禽類分支。在這70個基因組中的43個檢索到了單個全長CYP2J19(發紅基因)。他們還分析了13種織巢鳥的發紅基因序列,其中7種含有類胡蘿蔔素修飾酶。他們發現這種基因在鳥類的整個快速多樣化期間被陽性選擇,儘管原因尚不清楚。在鳥類中發現,此基因家族被陽性選擇是常見的,並且沒有在織巢鳥紅色著色功能轉變後,發現發紅基因選擇壓力改變的證據。

這項研究的結果被發現是與祖先保留下來的紅色基因的功能一致,提供色覺和面板及其附屬物的紅色著色。該基因的單複製在廣泛的種系發生範圍的鳥類譜系中被鑑別出來,表明單個CYP2J19基因是原始的鳥類狀態。紅色視網膜油滴幾乎在所有的鳥類中都存在,但紅色著色在物種之間是分佈不均的。這表明CYP2J19基因對色覺的影響可能是其原始的和被廣泛保留的功能。紅色著色看來像是沿著特定的鳥類譜系獨立發展的。

摘要:

Background

Exaggerated signals, such as brilliant colours, are usually assumed to evolve through antagonistic coevolution between senders and receivers, but the underlying genetic mechanisms are rarely known。 Here we explore a recently identified “redness gene”, CYP2J19, that is highly interesting in this context since it encodes a carotenoid-modifying enzyme (a C4 ketolase involved in both colour signalling and colour discrimination in the red (long wavelength) spectral region。)

Results

A single full-length CYP2J19 was retrieved from 43 species out of 70 avian genomes examined, representing all major avian clades。 In addition, CYP2J19 sequences from 13 species of weaverbirds (Ploceidae), seven of which have red C4-ketocarotenoid coloration were analysed。 Despite the conserved retinal function and pleiotropy of CYP2J19, analyses indicate that the gene has been positively selected throughout the radiation of birds, including sites within functional domains described in related CYP (cytochrome P450) loci。 Analyses of eight further CYP loci across 25 species show that positive selection is common in this gene family in birds。 There was no evidence for a change in selection pressure on CYP2J19 following co-option for red coloration in the weaverbirds。

Conclusions

The results presented here are consistent with an ancestral conserved function of CYP2J19 in the pigmentation of red retinal oil droplets used for colour vision, and its subsequent co-option for red integumentary coloration。 The cause of positive selection on CYP2J19 is unclear, but may be partly related to compensatory mutations related to selection at the adjacent gene CYP2J40。

期刊介紹:BMC Evolutionary Biologyis an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on all aspects of molecular and non-molecular evolution of all organisms, as well as phylogenetics and palaeontology。

2016 Journal Metrics

Citation Impact

3。221 - 2-year Impact Factor

3。628 - 5-year Impact Factor

1。266 - Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP)