花中四君子｜竹子不開花？

你見過竹子開花嗎ff2

你見過竹子開花嗎ff2

04：28

未知來源

世間的花草樹木、蟲魚鳥獸本無情，皆因在文人墨客奇妙爛漫的想象力下，一切的景語、物語皆情語。文人墨客們抓住萬物的千姿百態，並賦予萬物以人的情感，如此便造就了一個超脫俗塵的精神聖殿。今天，小編就來和大家探討“竹”這種歷來為古今文人所讚頌的植物。

The flowers， plants， trees， insects， fish， birds and beasts in the world are ruthless， because all the scenes and stories are love words under the wonderful and brilliant imagination of literati。 The literati and inkmen grasped the various poses of all things and gave them human emotions， thus creating a spiritual temple that is beyond vulgarity。 Today， the editor will come to discuss with you “bamboo”， a plant that has always been praised by scholars of ancient and modern times。

說到“竹”，我們不可避免要談及“花中四君子”即“梅、蘭、竹、菊”。在古人的筆下，這些謙謙君子或孤傲、或冷豔、或謙遜、或優雅。“遙知不是雪，唯有暗香來”所描寫的梅花於早春開放，鬥寒迎風，美麗絕俗，是堅韌不拔人格的象徵。李白的“孤蘭生幽園，眾草共蕪沒”寫蘭花開於幽深的山谷中，清遠溢香，不與世俗為伍，象徵著寧靜淡泊的隱士。菊的“寧可枝頭抱香死，何曾吹落北風中”體現出菊的清麗淡雅，芳香襲人，並有傲霜鬥雪的特徵和不與世俗同流合汙的孤傲。清代書畫家文學家鄭板橋在他的《竹石》中寫道“千磨萬擊還堅勁，任爾東西南北風”。竹經冬不凋，自成美景，堅忍不拔，象徵著剛直、謙遜的正人君子。

Speaking of “bamboo”， we inevitably have to talk about the “four gentlemen in flowers”， namely “plum， orchid， bamboo， and chrysanthemum”。 In the writings of the ancients， these humble gentlemen were aloof， glamorous， humble， or elegant。 “Remote knowledge is not snow， only a dark fragrance” describes the plum blossoms blooming in early spring， fighting cold and facing the wind， beautiful and vulgar， is a symbol of perseverance。 Li Bai‘s “Lonely Orchid Grows in a Secluded Garden， and All the Grasses Are Nothing” writes that orchids bloom in deep valleys， overflowing in Qingyuan， and are not associated with the world， symbolizing a quiet and indifferent hermit。 The chrysanthemum’s “I would rather hug the incense to die， and never blow it down in the north wind” reflects the chrysanthemum‘s delicate and elegant， aromatic fragrance， and has the characteristics of arrogant snow and snow and the arrogance of not being in harmony with the world。 Zheng Banqiao， a painter， calligrapher and writer of the Qing Dynasty wrote in his “Bamboo and Stone”， “Through hard work and strength， let the wind from east to west， north to south。” The bamboo is not withered in the east， it is a beautiful scenery on its own， and it is persevering， symbolizing the upright and humble gentleman。

花中君子的“梅、蘭、菊”位列君子之位或多或少都與花有關，而竹卻以它的長翠不衰和剛直位列其中。很多人可能會問了，竹非花，為什麼能佔據四君子中的一個席位呢？

Among the flowers， the “plum， orchid， and chrysanthemum” of the gentleman ranks among the gentlemen more or less related to the flower， but bamboo is among them for its long-greenness and uprightness。 Many people may ask， why can Zhu Feihua occupy a seat among the four gentlemen？

首先，竹能夠位列四君子中的一席，毫無疑問是因為其高尚的品格值得君子的稱號，其次，竹子的確會開花，只是不常開。

First of all， bamboo can be ranked among the four gentlemen， undoubtedly because of its noble character worthy of the title of gentleman。 Secondly， bamboo does bloom， but it does not bloom often。

竹子屬於多年生一次開花植物，與一生多次開花的植物不同，竹子一開花便意味著死亡（除花竹、水竹等少量竹子外）。竹子開花分為成片開花和零星開花。一旦竹子成片開花，竹子便不再生筍，新生的竹枝也會在不久之後開花。竹子如果是零星開花，那麼一片竹林中便只有一兩簇或一兩枝開花，損失也會相對較小。在自然狀態下，前者更為普遍。竹子一旦開花，花開得逐漸旺盛，竹子的根、莖、葉就會逐漸衰弱，最終走向死亡。

bamboo is a once-blooming perennial plant。 Unlike plants that bloom multiple times in a lifetime， bamboo means death as soon as it blooms （except for a small amount of bamboo such as flower bamboo and water bamboo）。 Bamboo blooming is divided into patch blooming and sporadic blooming。 Once the bamboo blooms in a patch， the bamboo does not regenerate shoots， and the new bamboo branches will bloom soon。 If the bamboo blooms sporadically， there will only be one or two branches or one or two blooms in a bamboo forest， and the loss will be relatively small。 In the natural state， the former is more common。 Once the bamboo blooms， the flowers bloom gradually， and the roots， stems and leaves of the bamboo will gradually weaken and eventually die。

關於竹子為什麼開花的問題，有關學者做過不少的·研究，但都只是基於對開花歷史資料的研究、開花現象的調查和對開花竹林的分析，科學界對此還沒有得出準確的論斷。對此，科學界提出了不少的假說，其中包括生長週期學說和營養說。生長週期學說認為竹子和許多開花植物遵循著春生、夏長、秋收、冬藏的規律一樣，竹子的一生也要經歷抽芽、生長、開花、結果的規律，只不過時間更長，一生也只經歷一個週期。在前期，主要是營養生長，生長部位集中於根、莖、葉，而後期則是生殖生長，這時就要開花，結果，生出種子。營養學說指出，竹子開花往往反映出當地自然環境的惡化。因而，古代就有傳言說“竹子開花，馬上搬家”，在竹子開花後，當地往往要經受旱災。竹子因環境的惡化，將蓄積在竹節、竹根的養分用於開花，又因從土壤中吸收的物質漸漸減少，故而花開得愈盛，其他部位卻落敗了。

Regarding the issue of why bamboo blooms， relevant scholars have done a lot of research， but they are all based on the study of historical flowering data， the investigation of flowering phenomena， and the analysis of flowering bamboo forests。 The scientific community has not yet come to accurate conclusions about this。 In this regard， the scientific community has put forward many hypotheses， including growth cycle theory and nutrition theory。 The growth cycle theory believes that bamboo and many flowering plants follow the laws of spring growth， summer growth， autumn harvest， and winter storage。 Bamboo must experience the laws of sprouting， growth， flowering， and fruiting throughout its life， but it takes longer and only experiences A cycle。 In the early stage， it is mainly vegetative growth， and the growing parts are concentrated in the roots， stems， and leaves， while in the later stage， it is reproductive growth。 At this time， it will bloom， bear fruit， and produce seeds。 Nutritional theory points out that bamboo flowering often reflects the deterioration of the local natural environment。 Therefore， there are rumors in ancient times that “bamboo blooms， move immediately”， after the bamboo blooms， the local area often suffers from drought。 Due to the deterioration of the environment， bamboo uses the nutrients accumulated in the bamboo joints and roots for flowering， and because the material absorbed from the soil gradually decreases， the flowers bloom more and more， but other parts are lost。

自然萬物都遵循著各自的“道”。拋開對於竹子開花的科學解釋，單看竹子開花這一舉動。竹子在生命的最後一刻依舊保持著堅韌挺拔，用盡生命最後的一絲力氣，開出最後一次芳華。讓芳華結出生命中唯一一次的果實，待植株倒向大地，那些種子便扎進土壤，得到了生命的延續。如果說竹子身前是謙卑隱忍，那麼死去時便是震撼，待種子萌發，便是重生。這或許就是竹子的“道”吧。

All things in nature follow their own “Tao”。 Put aside the scientific explanation for bamboo flowering， just look at the act of bamboo flowering。 The bamboo remained tough and upright at the last moment of life， exhausting the last bit of strength in life to produce the last fragrance。 Let Fanghua bear the only fruit in his life。 When the plants fall to the ground， the seeds will plunge into the soil and get the continuation of life。 If the bamboo is humble and forbearing， then when it dies， it is shocked。 When the seed germinates， it is rebirth。 This may be the “Tao” of bamboo。

參考材料：百度文庫 谷歌翻譯

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