你不知道的世界瀕危動物（三）

繼前兩期的世界瀕危動物之後，小編今天接著給大家介紹幾種世界瀕危動物，如果你想要了解或者感興趣的話就看下去吧！

沙漠袋貂

沙漠袋貂（Sminthopsis psammophila），又名沙丘狹足袋鼩，它們是灰色的，主要棲息在沙丘，是澳大利亞一種細小及肉食性的有袋類。它們散佈在四個乾旱的地方：北領地近阿瑪迪斯湖、南澳州的艾爾半島、西澳州大維多利亞沙漠的西南部。沙漠袋貂是所有狹足袋鼩屬中最大及最稀有的物種之一。

黃冠狨

黃冠狨（Callithrix flaviceps），又名黃頭狨，是巴西特有的一種狨屬。狨是南美洲出產的小型長尾猴。它像松鼠一樣，是樹棲動物，行動相當敏捷。喜歡白天成小群活動。除了大腳趾以外，其餘的趾上都有爪，利於在樹上跳躍。不像其餘的美洲靈長類動物，它們缺少第三對磨牙。從17世紀初開始，狨就被當作寵物來飼養。主要的食物是昆蟲，也吃一些水果。狨的犬牙較短，身長一般為15~25釐米，不包括25~40釐米長的尾巴。它的皮毛較密，像絲一樣細和光滑。黃頭狨的頭和耳朵上的穗毛呈淡黃色，口吻為白色。眼睛附近的面板則為黑色。主要產於巴西東南部比較狹小的區域內。但是由於棲息地遭到破壞，只存幾百只。

長鼻猴

長鼻猴（Nasalis larvatus）是東南亞加里曼丹的特有動物，是目前唯一發現的不屬於反芻亞目卻能夠反芻的物種。

它們的鼻子大得出奇，其中雄性猴子隨著年齡的增長鼻子越來越大，最後形成像茄子一樣的紅色大鼻子，激動的時候，大鼻子就會向上挺立或上下搖晃，而雌性的鼻子卻比較正常。長鼻猴與其他猴類最大的區別，是成年雄獸的鼻子隨著年齡的增長，變得越來越大，最終長度竟達到7～8釐米，由於顏色紅豔，遠遠望去，就像掛在臉上的一個茄子狀的紅氣球。由於這條大鼻子一直懸垂到嘴的前面，晃晃蕩蕩，在吃東西的時候，就不得不先將它歪到一邊。長鼻猴分佈於東南亞婆羅洲，即汶萊、印尼的加里曼丹、馬來西亞的沙撈越和沙巴。

為了保護這種世界著名的珍奇動物和它的棲息地，1977年在沙撈越建立起一個面積為60平方公里的長鼻猴自然保護區，這是一塊靠近海岸的混交林帶，薩門撒河穿過整個森林的中部，紅樹林環繞著河口一帶，並且漸漸地延伸至沿岸的森林之中，一直通往加里曼丹島的腹地。

三趾樹懶

三趾樹懶（Bradypus tridactylus），是樹懶科、樹懶屬的哺乳動物。三趾樹懶頭小而圓，體長50-60釐米，身上針毛長而粗糙。身上被毛原是灰棕色，後顯綠色。三趾樹懶終生在樹上生活，在地面不能站立和行走，但能游泳，視覺和聽覺差，主要靠嗅覺和觸覺覓食，僅以幾種桑科植物的嫩枝、幼葉及芽為食，是世界上行動最緩慢的動物之一。主要棲息於熱帶森林潮溼的樹梢密葉中，分佈於巴西、蓋亞那、蘇利南、委內瑞拉玻利瓦爾共和國。

樹懶可分為二趾樹懶和三趾樹懶兩大類。二趾樹懶每一前肢有兩個利爪，身子大約六十公分長，毛灰褐色。它比三趾樹懶活躍些。在地上，能夠以四肢支撐身體，緩緩行走。以樹葉、果實為食物，曾經被飼養，活了十一年之久。三趾樹懶每一前肢有三個利爪，身子比二趾樹懶小些，行動更遲鈍，背上有橘紅色或鮮黃色斑點。三趾樹懶沒辦法用四肢支撐體重，在地上只能趴伏著，以前肢攀住物體，才能拉著身體往前行。三趾樹懶專吃郇麻科裡某一類樹木的枝條和葉子。可能由於食物的限制，至今很少有飼養成功的。

地中海僧海豹

地中海僧海豹是一種古老而稀有的海豹。為現存三種海豹體型最大的一種。最大體長2。78m，體重400kg，一般重250~300kg。頭部很圓，且密被短毛，看起來宛如和尚頭而得名。新生仔獸黑色，具白斑，4~6周蛻毛。幼獸體背銀灰，腹側色淡。成體一般背部色深，腹面淡，有的大部深色，有的腹面白斑大。個體間變異很大，是本種的特點。

僧海豹在沿海和海洋生態系統中扮演著重要角色。但是，某些自然因素和人類活動的影響正在使其數量顯著減少。漁具拖纏、過度捕撈、人類干擾、海水汙染，以及諸如有毒的浮游植物等，使地中海僧海豹東大西洋種群遭到致命打擊。繁殖地的破壞和洞穴的毀壞，加速了僧海豹生境的喪失。

譯文：

Following the world’s endangered animals in the previous two issues， the editor will now introduce you to several endangered animals in the world。 If you want to know or are interested， please read it！

The desert possum， also known as the sand dune narrow-footed marsupial shrew， is gray and mainly inhabits the sand dunes。 It is a small and carnivorous marsupial in Australia。 They are scattered in four arid places： the Northern Territory near Lake Amadeus， the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia， Yellabinna Sand Dunes， and the southwestern part of the Greater Victoria Desert in Western Australia。 The desert possum is one of the largest and rarest species in all the narrow-footed possums。

Yellow-crowned tamarin， also known as yellow-headed tamarin， is a marmoset endemic to Brazil。 The marmoset is a small long-tailed monkey native to South America。 Like a squirrel， it is an arboreal animal， and it is quite agile。 Like to be active in small groups during the day。 Except for the big toe， there are claws on the rest of the toes， which is good for jumping on the tree。 Unlike other American primates， they lack a third pair of molars。

Since the beginning of the 17th century， marmosets have been kept as pets。 The main food is insects and some fruits are also eaten。 Marmosets have short canine teeth， generally 15-25 cm in length， excluding the 25-40 cm tail。 Its fur is denser， as thin and smooth as silk。 The head and ears of the yellow-headed tamarin are pale yellow， and the muzzle is white。 The skin near the eyes is black。 It is mainly produced in a relatively small area in southeastern Brazil。 Due to the destruction of the habitat， only a few hundred are left。

The proboscis monkey is endemic to Kalimantan in Southeast Asia。 It is the only species found that does not belong to the ruminant suborder but can ruminate。

Their noses are surprisingly large。 Among them， male monkeys get bigger and bigger with age， and finally form a big red nose like eggplant。 When excited， the big nose will stand up or shake up and down， while the female nose Quite normal。 The biggest difference between the proboscis monkey and other monkeys is that the nose of the adult male beast becomes bigger and bigger with age， and the final length reaches 7 to 8 cm。

Due to the red color， it looks far away。 It looks like an eggplant-shaped red balloon hanging on the face。 Because this big nose hangs all the way to the front of the mouth， it is swaying， when eating， you have to tilt it to the side first。 Proboscis monkeys are distributed in Borneo， Southeast Asia， namely Brunei， Kalimantan in Indonesia， Sarawak and Sabah in Malaysia。

In order to protect this world-famous rare animal and its habitat， a proboscis monkey nature reserve with an area of 60 square kilometers was established in Sarawak in 1977。 This is a mixed forest belt close to the coast， the Salmonsa River Passing through the middle of the forest， the mangrove forest surrounds the estuary and gradually extends into the forest along the coast， leading to the hinterland of Kalimantan。

The three-toed sloth is a mammal of the sloth family and the genus Sloth。 The three-toed sloth has a small and round head， 50-60 cm in length， and long and coarse needle hair。 The original coat is grayish-brown， and the back is green。 The three-toed sloth lives on trees for life， cannot stand or walk on the ground， but can swim， and has poor vision and hearing。 It mainly feeds on the sense of smell and touch。 It only feeds on the twigs， young leaves and buds of several moraceae plants。 It is one of the slowest animals in the world。 It mainly inhabits the dense leaves of the wet treetops of tropical forests， and is distributed in Brazil， Guyana， Suriname， and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela。

Sloths can be divided into two categories： two-toed sloths and three-toed sloths。 The two-toed sloth has two sharp claws on each forelimb， is about sixty centimeters long， and has gray-brown fur。 It is more active than the three-toed sloth。 On the ground， he can support his body with his limbs and walk slowly。 It used leaves and fruits as food and was raised and lived for eleven years。 The three-toed sloth has three sharp claws on each forelimb。 It is smaller than the two-toed sloth， moves more slowly， and has orange or bright yellow spots on the back。 The three-toed sloth can‘t use its limbs to support its weight。 It can only lie down on the ground。 The front limbs can climb on the object to pull the body forward。 The three-toed sloth eats the branches and leaves of a certain type of tree in S。 Probably due to food restrictions， there are few successful breedings so far。

The Mediterranean monk seal is an ancient and rare seal。 It is the largest of the three existing seals。 The maximum body length is 2。78m， the weight is 400kg， and the general weight is 250~300kg。 The head is very round and densely covered with short hair， which looks like a monk’s head and is named after it。 The newborn cubs are black with white spots and shed their hair in 4-6 weeks。 The cub has a silver-gray back and a pale ventral side。 Adults generally have a dark back and a light ventral surface， some are mostly dark， and some have large white spots on the ventral surface。 The large variation between individuals is a characteristic of this species。

Monk seals play an important role in coastal and marine ecosystems。 However， certain natural factors and the influence of human activities are reducing its number significantly。 Fishing gear entanglement， overfishing， human disturbance， seawater pollution， and poisonous phytoplankton， etc。 have caused a fatal blow to the Eastern Atlantic populations of Mediterranean monk seals。 The destruction of breeding grounds and the destruction of caves accelerated the loss of monk seal habitat。

——來源：Google翻譯

參考資料：360百科

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