英語語法：Adverbs 副詞

Adverbs

副詞

:

●

We often form adverb by adding LY to an adjective. When an adjective already ends in LY, like COWARDLY, FRIENDLY, KINDLY, LIVELY, LOVELY, LONELY, FATHERLY, we don’t add LY to it to make an adverb. Instead, we can use a prepositional phrase with FASHION, MANNER, or WAY.

●

通常在形容詞末尾

+LY

來構成副詞。當形容詞本身就以

LY

結尾時，如

cowardly

膽小的、

friendly

友好的、

kindly

和善的

, lively

活潑的、

lovely

可愛的、

lonely

孤獨的、

fatherly

慈父般的，我們通常不透過加

LY

來構成副詞。相反，我們用形容詞

+FASHION/MANNER/ WAY

構成介詞短語。

★

He smiled at me in a friendly manner。

★

他友好地朝我微笑。

★

She waved her hands around in a lively fashion。

★

她不斷地揮舞著雙手。

★

He took my arm in a fatherly way。

★

他慈父般地挽起我的胳膊。

●

Most participle adjectives ending in ED don’t have an adverb form and we can use in a similar prepositional phrase.

●

大多數以

ED

結尾的分詞形容詞沒有副詞形式，我們也可用形容詞

+FASHION/MANNER/ WAY

構成介詞短語。

★

She walked around the room in an agitated way。

★

她在房間裡焦急地走來走去。

★

His parents looked at him in an astonished manner。

★

他的父母驚訝地看著他。

●

However， some do have adverb form， including

allegedly, excitedly, hurriedly, repeatedly, unexpectedly, wholeheartedly, reportedly, reputedly, supposedly, belatedly, etc.

●

但有些以

ED

結尾的分詞形容詞確實有副詞形式，包括

allegedly

據稱、

excitedly

興奮地、

hurriedly

匆忙地、

repeatedly

反覆地、

unexpectedly

出乎意料地、

wholeheartedly

全心全意地、

reportedly

據報道、

reputedly

據說、

supposedly

據說、

belatedly

遲、晚。

★

Andy

allegedly

committed the robbery on the afternoon of the 21st June。

★

據稱，安迪於

6

月

21

日下午實施搶劫的。

★

His wife

wholeheartedly

supported his claim that he was innocent。

★

他的妻子全心全意地支援他是無辜的說法。

★

A police spokesman said， “Andy

undoubtedly

knows something about this robbery。”

★

一位警方發言人說：“安迪對這起搶劫案一定有所瞭解。”

★

Andy

reputedly

hid the money somewhere close to his home。

★

據稱，安迪把錢藏在離家很近的某個地方。

★

His wife

belatedly

realized that Andy had been lying to her。

★

他的妻子後來意識到，安迪一直在對她撒謊。

★

He

repeatedly

denied being involved in the crime。

★

他一再否認參與了此搶劫案。

★

Andy

unexpectedly

confessed to the crime over a year later。

★

一年多後，安迪出乎意料地承認了罪行。

★

After the trial， Andy’s wife said， “Andy was

deservedly

given a severe sentence。

★

審判結束後，安迪的妻子說：“安迪被重判是理所應當的。”

●

Adverbs can be used to modify adjectives, including participle adjectives.

●

副詞可用來修飾形容詞，包括分詞形容詞。

★

It was strangely quiet in the room。

★

房間裡出奇的安靜。

★

They had a beautifully furnished house。

★

他們的房子裝修得很漂亮。

●

Adverbs can also be used to modify verbs. When adverbs modify verbs, we usually place the adverb immediately before the main verb or at the very end of the sentence. The placement of the adverb does not change the meaning of the sentence.

●

副詞也可用來修飾動詞。副詞修飾動詞時，副詞通常放在主動詞之前或句子的最後，副詞的位置並不會改變句意。

★

She quickly finished the assignment。 =

She finished the assignment quickly。

她很快就完成了任務。

●

When we have a helping verb, such as the verb BE in a progressive sentence, the adverb goes between the helping verb and the main verb.

●

當句子中出現助動詞時，如進行時態中的

BE

動詞，副詞放在助動詞和主動詞之間。

★

She is quickly finishing her assignment。

★

她正在迅速完成她的任務。

●

We also use adverbs to express time, such as YESTERDAY, TODAY and TOMORROW. These adverbs usually come at the very beginning or end of the sentence.

●

YESTERDAY

、

TODAY

和

TOMORROW

作副詞時，通常放在句首或句末。

★

Yesterday， Cathy finished her assignment。 =

Cathy finished her assignment yesterday。

昨天凱茜完成了作業。

●

We have several adverbs to express frequency， such as

always, often, frequently, usually, generally, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, rarely, hardly ever

and

never

。 Frequency adverbs often occur in the middle of the sentence and they usually occur immediately before the main verb or after the verb BE。 When we have a helping verb， the frequency adverb goes between the helping verb and the main verb。

●

頻率副詞如

always

、

often

、

frequently

、

usually

、

generally

、

sometimes

、

occasionally

、

seldom

、

rarely

、

hardly ever

、

never

通常放在主動詞前、

BE

動詞後。當句子中有助動詞時，頻率副詞放在助動詞和主動詞之間。

★

Cathy usually arrives at 8：00。

★

凱西通常

8

點到。

★

Cathy is usually on time。

★

凱西通常準時到。

★

Cathy is usually working at this time。

★

凱西通常在這個時間段工作。

●

Some adverbs have two forms， one ending LY and the other having the same form as the adjective。 We can sometimes use either of the two forms of the adverb without changing the meaning， although the form ending in LY is more usual in a formal style。 The words are

quick/quickly, loud/loudly, cheap/cheaply, clean/cleanly, clear/clearly, fine/finely, slow/slowly, thin/thinly

。

●

有些副詞有兩種形式：一種在形容詞後

+LY

，另一種與形容詞同形。通常情況下，可使用任一一種形式，意思並無差別，但以

LY

結尾的形式在正式情況下更為常見，如

quick/quickly

、

loud/loudly

、

cheap/cheaply

、

clean/cleanly

、

clear/clearly

、

fine/finely

、

slow/slowly

、

thin/thinly

。

★

I’ll be there as quick/quickly as I can。

★

我會盡可能快地趕到。

★

Try to sing loud/loudly。

★

儘量唱得大聲一些。

★

We’ll never catch them up if you walk as slow/slowly as that。

★

如果你走這麼慢，我們就永遠追不上他們。

★

Chop the herbs fine/finely and sprinkle them on top of the pasta。

★

把草藥切細，撒在麵條上。

●

There is a difference in meaning of some adverbs with and without LY.

●

有些副詞有兩種形式：一種與形容詞同形，另一種在其後加上

LY

，意思有所差別。

◇

High

高高地（具體的高度）

– highly

高度地（抽象意義的高）

◇

Just

正好

– justly

公正地

◇

Hard

努力地

– hardly

幾乎不

◇

Free

免費地

– freely

自由地

◇

Late

遲、晚

– lately

最近

◇

Most

最

– mostly

大部分

◇

Near

近

– nearly

幾乎

◇

Pretty

相當地

– prettily

優美地

◇

Sharp

突然地

– sharply

嚴厲地

◇

Short

唐突地

– shortly

馬上

◇

Direct

徑直地

– directly

立刻

◇

Wide

完全地

– widely

普遍地、在很大程度上

★

She can speak freely in front of Andy， but she can’t eat free in his restaurant。

★

她可以在安迪面前隨便說話，但她不能在安迪的餐館免費吃飯。

★

I arrived late for the concert。

★

看音樂會我遲到了。

★

I haven’t seen Andy lately。

★

我最近沒有見到安迪。

★

His glittering career was cut short by a heart attack。

★

他輝煌的事業因心臟病發作而被迫終止。

★

The speaker will be arriving shortly。 Please take your seats。

★

演講者很快就到了，請各位落座。

★

He kicked the ball high over the goal。

★

他把球高高地踢過了球門。

★

Everyone thinks highly of her teaching。

★

每個人都對她的教學給予高度評價。

★

In a few seconds she was wide awake。

★

片刻之間她完全醒來。

★

It won’t be difficult to get the book。 It’s widely available。

★

得到這本書並不難，很多地方都可以找到。

●

GOOD is an adjective and WELL is an adverb.

●

GOOD

是形容詞，

WELL

是副詞。

★

I asked Cathy to clean the car， and she did a good job/and she did the job well。

★

我讓凱西清洗這輛車，她做得很好。

●

However, WELL is also an adjective meaning HEALTHY.

●

WELL

做形容詞時，意為“健康的”。

★

You’re not looking too well。 Are you okay？

★

你的臉色看起來不是很好。你還好嗎？

Find the mistakes and correct them

改錯。

1。

She speaks French fluent。

2。

I think you behaved very cowardly。

3。

Everyone says that he’s now enormous rich。

4。

She turned to him astonishedly。

5。

Wearing a white shirt and new suit， he thought he looked really well。

6。

He plays the guitar remarkable good for his age。

Answers:

1。

fluent – fluently

2。

very cowardly – in a very cowardly way/fashion/manner

3。

enormous – enormously

4。

astonishedly – in an astonished way/fashion/manner or in astonishment

5。

well – good

6。

remarkable good – remarkably well

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